- Title
- A model of children's growth and adaptation to nutritional stress
- Creator
- Hochberg, Ze'ev; Boulton, John
- Relation
- Aboriginal Children, History and Health: Beyond Social Determinants p. 192-202
- Relation
- http://www.tandfebooks.com/action/showBook?doi=10.4324%2F9781315666501&
- Publisher
- Routledge
- Resource Type
- book chapter
- Date
- 2016
- Description
- The Infancy, Childhood, Puberty (ICP) model of fetal and childhood growth proposed by Johan Karlberg divides human growth into three successive and partly overlapping stages that reflect the shifting influences of the endocrine control mechanisms of the growth process (Karlberg 1987; Karlberg,Jalil et al. 1994). The Infancy stage of the ICP model begins in mid-gestation and starts to wane by the end of infancy, although its effects continue until as late as the third year of life. It thus represents the post-natal extension of fetal growth, and is regarded as being nutritionally dependent, and under the endocrine control of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). The Childhood growth stage starts in afluent Western countries between six and twelve months of age (Karlberg, Engstrom et al. 1987; Liu, Chism et al. 1999; Hochberg and Albertsson-Wikland 2008) and continues under the additional influence of sex hormones through the Pubertal phase until growth ceases and adult height is achieved. Whilst the model ignores the life history stage of Juvenility, it serves the purpose of the following discussion in that it proposes a period of transition, during which the initiation of the Childhood growth stage overlaps with the Infancy growth stage of the ICP model (Hochberg 2009). This is defined as the Infancy-Childhood Transition (ICT). The ICT coincides with the end of the stage of infancy within the model of life history, which is defined by weaning at two to three years of age in pre-modern societies. So what we see is that after a gradual deceleration in the rate of growth towards the end of the Infancy growth stage, the growth rate abruptly increases towards the end of the first year of life under the separate endocrine influence of the Childhood phase of growth (Karlberg 1987; Karlberg, Engstrom et al. 1987; Hochberg and Albertsson-Wik.land 2008).
- Subject
- Infancy-Childhood Transition (ICT); hormones; childhood growth; growth factors
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1344168
- Identifier
- uon:29339
- Identifier
- ISBN:9781138955240
- Language
- eng
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